Validação de conteúdo de um instrumento para consulta de enfermagem em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis / Validación del contenido de un instrumento de consulta de enfermería en infecciones de transmisión sexual / Content validation of an instrument for nursing consultation in sexually transmitted infections

Objetivos: validar o conteúdo de um instrumento de investigação para aplicação do processo de Enfermagem em infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Método: estudo transversal do tipo metodológico de validação de conteúdo com juízes especialistas com delineamento quantitativo. Como referencial teórico, utilizou-se a teoria das Necessidades Humanas Básicas, proposta por Wanda Aguiar Horta. Como material empírico, utilizou-se o Protocolo Clínico e Diretrizes Terapêuticas para Atenção Integral às Pessoas com Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Resultados: foram consideradas e incluídas na versão final as reformulações sugeridas pelos juízes especialistas. A validação possibilitou verificar a precisão do instrumento, composto por 32 termos após duas rodadas de validação. Conclusão: o desenvolvimento de tecnologias de saúde e o uso de um instrumento validado para o processo de enfermagem possibilitam o direcionamento de cuidados e melhorias na qualidade da assistência, padronizando os registros e garantindo maior segurança ao paciente.

Objetivos: validar el contenido de un instrumento de investigación para la aplicación del proceso de Enfermería en infecciones de transmisión sexual. Método: estudio transversal del tipo metodológico de validación de contenido con jueces especialistas con delineamiento cuantitativo. Como referencia teórica, se utilizó la teoría de las Necesidades Humanas Básicas, propuesta por Wanda Aguiar Horta. Como material empírico, se utilizó el Protocolo Clínico y Directrices Terapéuticas para Atención Integral a las Personas con Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. Resultados: fueron consideradas e incluidas en la versión final las reformulaciones sugeridas por los jueces especialistas. La validación permitió verificar la precisión del instrumento, compuesto por 32 términos después de dos rondas de validación. Conclusión: el desarrollo de tecnologías de salud y el uso de un instrumento validado para el proceso de enfermería posibilitan la direccionamiento de cuidados y mejoras en la calidad de la asistencia, estandarizando los registros y garantizando mayor seguridad al paciente.

Objective: to validate the content of a research instrument for the application of the Nursing process in sexually transmitted infections. Method: cross-sectional study of the methodological type of content validation with expert judges with quantitative design. The theoretical reference used was the theory of Basic Human Needs, proposed by Wanda Aguiar Horta. The empirical material used was the Clinical Protocol and Therapeutic Guidelines for Comprehensive Care to People with Sexually Transmitted Infections. Results: the reformulations suggested by the expert judges were considered and included in the final version. The validation allowed the verification of the accuracy of the instrument, consisting of 32 terms after two rounds of validation. Conclusion: the development of health technologies and the use of a validated instrument for the nursing process allow to direct care and improve the quality of care, standardizing records and ensuring greater patient safety.

Papel das Enfermeiras na Abordagem às Doenças Venéreas no Contexto da Reforma Sanitária Brasileira (1920-1924) / Papel del Enfermero en el Abordaje de las Enfermedades Venéreas en el Contexto de la Reforma Sanitaria Brasileña (1920-1924) / Role of Nurses in Approaching Venereal Diseases in the Context of the Brazilian Health Reform (1920-1924)

A primeira escola de Enfermagem do Brasil, denominada Escola Profissional de Enfermeiros e Enfermeiras, inspirada na Escola francesa de Salpetirère, foi criada em 1890. Entretanto, até o início do século XX, a Enfermagem no Brasil ainda era exercida com bases puramente empíricas, realidade que seria completamente reformulada até o ano de 1924 [Fragmento de texto] (AU)

Associations between oil development and sexually transmitted infections: Public health nurse perspectives.

BACKGROUND: Oil development (OD) has been associated with increased sexually transmitted infection (STI) rates, with limited focus on the North Dakota (ND) oil boom. Public health (PH) nurse experiences can provide context related to health challenges during OD-related population booms. OBJECTIVE: To compare reported STI rates in ND oil-producing (OP) and non-oil-producing (NOP) counties before, during, and after the oil boom and describe PH nurse experiences during this time. DESIGN: We conducted secondary data analysis of oil production data and reported rates for chlamydia and gonorrhea, and conducted interviews with ND PH nurses. SAMPLE: PH nurses within ND counties geographically located in or near OD in the state. MEASUREMENTS: ND county-level OD data trends were compared to similarly timed reported rates of chlamydia and gonorrhea in OP and NOP counties. PH nurse interviews were conducted addressing their STI-related experiences working in PH during the oil boom. RESULTS: Significant findings include a correlation between OD and gonorrhea rates. PH nurses described a limited PH infrastructure to meet the health needs of a transient, increasing population. CONCLUSIONS: Expanding the role of PH nurses in ND to implement STI screening and treatment would improve access to STI testing allowing for comprehensive reporting of STIs.

Reducing sexually associated transmission of COVID-19 in men who have sex with men.

ABSTRACT: Believed to be zoonotic in origin, COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus subtype, which spreads from person to person through droplet transmission. As of late April, 2020, 895,766 cases of COVID-19 infections were recorded in the United States. This infection was responsible for 50,439 deaths. Because of close, person-to-person proximity, coupled with possible contact with body fluids, transmission of COVID-19 during sexual activity is possible. However, some activities carry higher risks of transmission than others. This article explores the risks of COVID-19 transmission associated with kissing, oral sex (fellatio and annilingus), and anal receptive and anal insertive intercourse among men who have sex with men (MSM). Recommendations for counseling MSM on safer sexual decision-making, many of which are applicable in the general prevention of sexually transmitted infections, are also provided. Nurse practitioners can serve as advocates in preventing sexually associated COVID-19 communication in MSM and contribute to the advancement of this continuously evolving area of public health science.

The Availability and Feasibility of Chemsex Services Within Sexually Transmitted Disease Clinics in the Netherlands: A Cross-Sectional Survey Among Sexually Transmitted Disease Nurses.

OBJECTIVES: Chemsex-using illicit drugs during sex-is prevalent among men who have sex with men (MSM) and associated with sexual and mental health harms. Sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics are a frequently visited and trusted health care facility for MSM. This study assessed the frequency and extent to which chemsex is addressed by Dutch STD nurses. METHODS: Of the 24 Dutch public STD clinics, an online questionnaire was distributed in 20 STD clinics (83%) in 2019; the questionnaire was sent to 191 STD nurses, of whom 108 (57%) completed the questionnaire. The main outcome was addressing chemsex during regular MSM consultations, measured on a 5-point Likert scale (never-always). Items measuring knowledge, attitude, self-efficacy, and the social norm were also measured on a 5-point Likert scale (totally disagree-totally agree). RESULTS: Of the 108 participating STD nurses, 77 (71%) addressed chemsex regularly or always during MSM consultations. In general, STD nurses indicated to have sufficient knowledge about chemsex (mean [SD], 3.6 [0.5]) and a positive attitude toward addressing chemsex (mean [SD], 4.3 [0.5]). A need for training on chemsex was reported by 82 (76%) STD nurses, especially in signaling problematic chemsex (56/82; 68%). Three STD clinics (15%) had a protocol on addressing chemsex, and 3 STD clinics (15%) had referral pathways to addiction care. CONCLUSION: Sexually transmitted disease nurses from Dutch STD clinics regularly addressed chemsex during MSM consultations. Our results show relevance of educating STD nurses on signaling problematic chemsex and arranging referral pathways to addiction care to optimize chemsex related health care.

The role of trust and health literacy in nurse-delivered point-of-care STI testing for pregnant women living with HIV, Tshwane District, South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) during pregnancy result in neonatal morbidity and mortality, and may increase mother-to-child-transmission of HIV. Yet the World Health Organization's current syndromic management guidelines for STIs leaves most pregnant women undiagnosed and untreated. Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic tests for STIs can drastically improve detection and treatment. Though acceptable and feasible, poor medication adherence and re-infection due to lack of partner treatment threaten the programmatic effectiveness of POC diagnostic programmes. METHODS: To engender patient-provider trust, and improve medication adherence and disclosure of STI status to sexual partners, we trained study nurses in compassionate care, good clinical practices and motivational interviewing. Using qualitative methods, we explored the role patient-provider communications may play in supporting treatment adherence and STI disclosure to sexual partners. Nurses were provided training in motivational interviewing, compassionate care and good clinical practices. Participants were interviewed using a semi-structured protocol, with domains including STI testing experience, patient-provider communication, and HIV and STI disclosure. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed and analyzed using a constant comparison approach. RESULTS: Twenty-eight participants treated for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), and/or Neisseria gonorrhea (NG) were interviewed. Participants described strong communications and trusting relationships with nurses trained in patient-centered care training and implementing POC STI diagnostic testing. However, women described a delayed trust in treatment until their symptoms resolved. Women expressed a limited recall of their exact diagnosis, which impacted their ability to fully disclose their STI status to sexual partners. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend implementing patient health literacy programmes as part of POC services to support women in remembering and disclosing their specific STI diagnosis to sexual partners, which may facilitate partner treatment uptake and thus decrease the risk of re-infection.

Applying a health equity tool to assess a public health nursing guideline for practice in sexually transmitted infection assessment in British Columbia.

SETTING: There is a multitude of health equity tools but little guidance on how to effectively use these tools in public health nursing practice. In BC, public health nurses who are certified in sexually transmitted infection care utilize guidelines authorized by the nursing regulatory body. INTERVENTION: As part of the Equity Lens in Public Health (ELPH) research project, an assessment of the nursing guideline, Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Assessment Decision Support Tool, was undertaken using the Assessing Equity in Clinical Practice Guidelines health equity assessment tool. The chosen tool is intended for use by health care providers, is broadly applicable to clinical practice guidelines, can be used retrospectively, and falls within the category of equity checklists and audits. OUTCOMES: Overall, the tool was useful in assessing the inclusion and omission of an equity focus in the guideline. However, there were several challenges: the identification of an appropriate health equity tool; the absence of an evaluation of the chosen tool; the tool's focus on chronic disease versus communicable disease; and the difficulty of obtaining client perspectives. IMPLICATIONS: For an improved equity lens in the STI Assessment Decision Support Tool, future revisions should be equity focused and include perspectives from affected populations, an emphasis on the determinants of health that perpetuate inequities for populations who experience a disproportionate burden of STI, information on provincially available resources, and service delivery models that improve timely and equitable access to treatment and care.

Misperceptions and stereotypes in nursing care for sexually transmitted infections and domestic violence: a qualitative exploratory study.

Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STI) and domestic violence (DV) are common healthcare issues experienced worldwide with DV increasing the risk of acquiring STI/s. Although nurses are well-placed to provide care for both issues, little is known about how and whether nurses perceive STI risk within the context of DV and whether this informs nursing care.Aim: To explore nurses' perceptions of STI acquisition within the context of DV and whether this informs nursing care.Design: Qualitative exploratory descriptive design.Methods: Eight participant narratives were collected from Australian Registered Nurses (RNs), with 1-17 years of clinical practice in varied settings. Participants were required to be registered with the Australian Health Practitioner Regulation Agency (AHPRA) and converse in English. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken via face-to-face, telephone and computer-mediated communication (CMC). Thematic analysis was guided by Braun and Clarke (2006).Results: Three themes emerged from the data: 'Perceptions: They don't talk about it, 'Stereotypes: Just that stigma and 'Provision of Care for STIs/DV: Physical and emotional. Participants held various perceptions associated with STIs and DV including the covert nature of both issues, the care of STIs within the context of DV, and how the nature of nursing care differed between STIs and DV.Conclusions: Nurses need to recognise the impact that nurse perceptions and stereotyping have on disclosures and provision of care for STIs, particularly in the context of DV. Consideration is also needed in relation to sexual and reproductive autonomy, the impact on disclosure and provision of care.

Knowledge of nursing student on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections / Los saberes de estudiantes de enfermería sobre la prevención de infecciones de transmisión sexual / Saberes de estudantes de enfermagem sobre a prevenção de Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis

ABSTRACT Objective: To identify the knowledge and self-care actions taken by nursing undergraduate students of a Federal University of the South of Brazil, against Sexually Transmitted Infections. Method: Exploratory qualitative study, conducted 40 interviews with undergraduate students at the beginning and end of the course. The analysis was thematic, resulting in three categories. Results: Knowledge about the subject is a decisive factor for self-care, and the more knowledge, the greater the prevention. The dissemination of knowledge of students at the end of the course not only influences self-care but also health promotion in the social sphere. Final considerations: Knowledge is important in self-care and caring for others. The dissemination of knowledge becomes evident according to the complexity of the course. Stable relationships may interfere with the use or disuse of condoms in sexual relationships, a misnomer present in today's society.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Identificar el conocimiento y las acciones de autocuidado tomadas por estudiantes de graduación en Enfermería de una Universidad Federal del Sur de Brasil frente a las Infecciones de Transmisión Sexual. Método: Estudio cualitativo exploratorio. Fueron realizadas 40 entrevistas con estudiantes de graduación del inicio y del final del curso. El análisis fue temático y resultó en tres categorías. Resultados: El conocimiento acerca de la temática es un factor decisivo para el autocuidado, considerando que cuanto más conocimiento, mejor es la prevención. La diseminación de conocimientos de los estudiantes de final del curso no sólo influye en el autocuidado, sino también en la promoción de la salud en el ámbito social. Consideraciones finales: El conocimiento es importante en el autocuidado y en el cuidado al prójimo. La diseminación de conocimientos se hace evidente según la complejidad del curso. Las relaciones estables pueden interferir en el uso o desuso de los preservativos en las relaciones sexuales, equivocación presente en la sociedad actual.

RESUMO Objetivo: Identificar o conhecimento e ações de autocuidado tomadas por estudantes de graduação em Enfermagem de uma Universidade Federal do Sul do Brasil, frente às Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis. Método: Estudo qualitativo exploratório, realizado 40 entrevistas com estudantes de graduação do início e do final do curso. A análise foi temática, resultando em três categorias. Resultados: O conhecimento acerca da temática é um fator decisivo para o autocuidado, sendo que quanto mais conhecimento, maior a prevenção. A disseminação de conhecimentos dos estudantes de final do curso não só influenciam no autocuidado como também na promoção de saúde no âmbito social. Considerações finais: O conhecimento é importante no autocuidado e no cuidado ao próximo. A disseminação de conhecimento se torna evidente conforme a complexidade do curso. Os relacionamentos estáveis podem interferir no uso ou desuso dos preservativos nas relações sexuais, equivoco presente na sociedade atual.

Knowledge of nursing student on the prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the knowledge and self-care actions taken by nursing undergraduate students of a Federal University of the South of Brazil, against Sexually Transmitted Infections. METHOD: Exploratory qualitative study, conducted 40 interviews with undergraduate students at the beginning and end of the course. The analysis was thematic, resulting in three categories. RESULTS: Knowledge about the subject is a decisive factor for self-care, and the more knowledge, the greater the prevention. The dissemination of knowledge of students at the end of the course not only influences self-care but also health promotion in the social sphere. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Knowledge is important in self-care and caring for others. The dissemination of knowledge becomes evident according to the complexity of the course. Stable relationships may interfere with the use or disuse of condoms in sexual relationships, a misnomer present in today's society.

Consideration of sexually transmitted infections in the differential diagnosis: Case studies.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The rates of many sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have increased in recent years. Many health care professionals miss these potential diagnoses in clinical practice. METHODS: Two case studies are presented, one an adult female with dysuria; the other an adult male with a rash. Appropriate differential diagnoses and relevant history, examination, and investigation details are discussed. CONCLUSIONS: Not all dysuria signifies a urinary tract infection. Although most rashes are not syphilis or HIV, it is important to rule out these etiologies for rashes in adults without a previous history of similar dermatologic conditions. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Due to increased rates of many STI and HIV, it is important for nurse practitioners who work in primary care to consider these infections in patients who present with dysuria and rashes. Similarly, nurse practitioners who work in STI clinic settings should consider non-STI diagnoses in their work. In both cases, a perspective that includes both STI and non-STI etiologies is essential.

Managing sexually transmitted infections: Beyond the 2015 guidelines.

Guidelines for the prevention and management of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are updated periodically while new science is continuously developed. Advanced practice registered nurses implement clinical decisions based on current guidelines and evidence. This article provides recent updates on managing STIs.

Condom Access for High School Students: The Journey From Data to Policy.

Nationally, many adolescents remain at risk for unintended pregnancies and sexually transmitted infections. School nurses can be leaders and change agents in their schools. This article shares the journey of a school nurse in Maine, who used evidence-based data to develop support from administration and key stakeholders to successfully advocate for a needed policy change. That support and advocacy led to a new "Safer Sex" policy.

Uso de cartilha na orientação ao idoso quanto as IST e HIV/AIDS / Use of primer in elderly counseling regarding STIs and HIV / AIDS

Em virtude do crescente aumento da população com mais de 60 anos, atrelado ao grande número de idosos infectados com HIV/Aids faz-se necessário formular novos instrumentos para assistência à saúde da população idosa, que 238 englobem as diferentes condições de saúde, respeitando suas características especiais e peculiares. Os modelos de assistência atual que abrangem promoção, prevenção, assistência e reabilitação não podem ser mecanicamente transportados para os idosos, sem que algumas adaptações importantes e significativas sejam realizadas. A cartilha acerca das infecções permitirá o conhecimento e promoverá mudanças de práticas, ajudando na implementação de políticas públicas, e contribuindo para prevenção e o diagnóstico precoce, com efeito no número de idosos infectados

Common Sexually Transmitted Infections in Women.

The spread of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) remains a significant public health issue in the United States. Social, economic, and behavioral implications affecting the spread of STIs have been identified. The most important social factor in the United States is the stigma associated with discussing sex and STI screening. In this article, specific recommendations for women are included regarding screening, diagnosing, and treating common vaginal and cervical infections. Screening women for infections of the vagina and cervix is essential because untreated infections may result in complications that have current and long-term health consequences and impact quality of life.